Odd bloggery

And some Sherlockian stuff to set the mood.

One more video.

We've got the book done. The Guru and I will blog about typos - intended and not - soon.

So now learn the words to the song below.


Elemental - Cup Of Brown Joy from Moog on Vimeo.

I want to elaborate here and simplify —

Sparky Blogs: I think it's high time for Cary to get a Scooter or Motorcycle ...

Some of you know the Guru - who does his very chatty Depositman comic book. He needs wheels and he is unaware of this fact. Someone I respect said it's impossible to look cool on a scooter. They do have their good points as to licensing and such but I'm thinking either the Nighthawk:

or the Eliminator used would be a good start:

Assuming a KLR250 like this isn't found:


I speculate that our Guru pal on a scooter in the tunnel on Sepulveda Blvd near Mulhulland Drive is too huge a danger. I welcome ideas. This is Cary at work.

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Now we examine Scooters -

Scooter

A scooter is a style of two-wheeled motor vehicle with certain design characteristics such as a step-through frame, small wheels, automatic transmission and small engine. The definition is evolving as motorcycle designs change over time. Historically, a scooter was noted for a small engine, small wheels, a step-through design, a forward fairing with floor boards, and possibly under-seat storage. Modern scooters cover a broad spectrum of designs: step-through or step-over frames, small or large wheels, front fairings or floor boards, under-seat storage or not, and manual or automatic transmissions. Most scooters today feature automatic transmissions.

At one end of the current market, the Vespa LX series reflects the scooters' historical antecedents: small wheels, floor boards, front fairing, inner fairing storage. At the other end, the Honda Big Ruckus featured no bodywork, floorboards or step-through frame, but was still classified as a scooter. The Piaggio MP3, with two front wheels (three wheels total) reflects the fluid nature of the scooter classification. Modern scooters have a wide range of engine displacements, from under 50 cc to over 799 cc, and some have engine locations in stark contrast to classic scooter design (e.g. Yamaha T-Max 500, Suzuki Burgman 650, Gilera GP800).

Generally the term "scooter" is not defined in law, as laws are based on characteristics such as engine size and power, and maximum speed. The United States Department of Transportation defines a scooter as having a platform for the operator's feet or has integrated footrests, and has a step-through architecture.^[1] In the UK the term Moped is normally used to refer to scooters and is legally defined as a motorcycle with an engine no bigger than 50cc and a maximum speed restricted below 50Kph.

Description

A 1980s "twist and go" scooter.

The classic scooter design features a "step-through" frame and a flat floorboard for the rider's feet. This design is possible because the scooter engine and drive system transferring power to the rear wheel is attached to the rear axle or under the seat. Unlike a motorcycle, where the engine is mounted on the frame, this front-hinged arrangement allows the engine to swing vertically together with the rear wheel. Older Vespas, most vintage scooters and some newer retro models have axle-mounted engines with a manual transmission and the gear shift and clutch controls built into the left handlebar. Most newer scooters use a Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT).

Unlike most motorcycles, scooters usually feature bodywork, including a front leg shield and body that conceals all or most of the mechanicals. There is often some integral storage space, either under the seat, built into the front leg shield, or both. Most modern motor scooters have smaller wheels than motorcycles, 8 to 12 inches (20 to 28 cm) in diameter, though maxi- and big-wheel scooters may have larger wheels. Most scooters have smaller engines than motorcycles, 30 cc to 250 cc with a single cylinder, though larger models have twin cylinder 400 to 650 cc. motors.

Most jurisdictions have no legal definition for "scooter". Most states and countries classify scooters having engines smaller than 50 cc as mopeds, and subject them to lower safety restrictions and licensing fees. Scooters above 50 cc are usually legally considered motorcycles, although some states have an in-between definition for motorized bike for scooters and motorcycles between 50 and 150 cc.

Flyscooter Il Bello, a modern scooter with a classic look.

Until recently, most modern motor scooters came with air-cooled two-stroke cycle engines with automatic two-stroke oil injection although some of the higher spec small ones and large ones are water cooled such as the Honda FC50 or the 2002 Yamaha YQ50s. Scooters increasingly have four-stroke engines to meet stricter emissions controls. Trends around the world have seen new variations on the classic scooter. A common variation, the big-wheel or commuter-style scooter features wheels as large as a motorcycle. Popular models of the commuter-style bike include the Aprilia Scarabeo models, the Piaggio Liberty/LT models, and the Taiwanese Kymco People models. Four-stroke scooters which favor a classic vintage look include the Genuine Buddy and Stella models and Flyscooters Il Bello model.

High-end scooter models now include comprehensive technological features including cast aluminum frames, engines with integral counter-balancing, and cross-linked brake systems. Some of these scooters also have comfort features such as an alarm, start button, radio, windshield, heated hand grips and full instrumentation (including clock or outside temperature gauge).

In an effort to reduce emissions, there are now LPG powered scooters that run on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) instead of petrol or diesel. High-powered electric road scooters are on the horizon since small electric motorcycles like the Vectrix, e-max, and the eGO have been released.^[2][3]

History

Scooter-like traits began to develop in motorcycle designs around the 1900s. In 1894, Hildebrand & Wolfmueller produced the first successful two-wheeler, with a step-through frame. Its fuel tank was mounted on the down tube, its parallel two-cylinder engine was mounted low on the frame, and its cylinders moved fore-and-aft. It was water-cooled and had a radiator built into the top of the rear fender. It became the first mass produced and publicly sold powered two-wheel vehicle, and among the first powered mainly by engine rather than foot pedals. Maximum speed was 40 km/h (25 mph). The rear wheel was driven by pistons similar to those in a locomotive. Only a few hundred such bikes were built, and the high price and technical difficulties made the venture a financial failure for both Wolfmüller and his financial backer, Hildebrand.

In France, the Auto-Fauteuil was produced since 1902. In United States, the Motoped is believed to be the first scooter to enter production, in 1910.

Since 1914, the Autoped Company of Long Island City, New York produced a compact scooter for short trips. The driver stood on a short platform with 15-inch tires. After riding, the steering column, which contained all operating controls, was folded over the platform to store the scooter in a compact space. The engine was an air-cooled, 4-stroke, 155 cc engine over the front wheel. The bike came with a headlamp and tail lamp, a Klaxon horn, and a toolbox. Developed during wartime and gasoline rationing, it was quite efficient, but did not achieve widespread distribution.

In 1919, British engineer Granville Bradshaw created the ABC Skootamoto which had a seat. Its single-cylinder 123 cc OHV engine, designed by Bradshaw, sits above the rear wheel and drives it by chain. The pansaddle and spacious footboard provide comfort. The Skootamota is a rare archetype of modern motor scooters. Bradshaw also designed a few other special engines, such as the ABC flat twins, the oilcooled singles and the engine of the Panther Panthette.

The Kenilworth is another classic vintage scooter made in England in 1919. Powered by a 142 cc overhead valve engine, it reached 20 mph (32 km/h). Electric lights were a first on this machine, but its brakes worked exactly as on a bicycle.

Salsbury's Motor Glide was a tiny motorbike built in 1936 in the back of a plumbing and heating shop in Oakland, California, by E. Foster Salsbury and inventor Austin Elmore. It had an enclosed body and an automatic transmission. It was such a success that in 1938 Salsbury attempted to license the design to several European manufacturers including Piaggio. The Motor Glide was the first depression era scooter, and set the standards for all later models. It inspired production of motor scooters by Powell, Moto-scoot, Cushman, Rock-Ola, and others. Salsbury produced the first automatic scooter with a continuously variable transmission (CVT).

The Cushman Company produced motor scooters from 1936 to 1965. Light, compact, and rugged, they were widely used by the US military in World War II and as an alternative to automobiles in the years before and after the war. Cushmans were easy to ride and had an automatic clutch which allowed the rider to twist the right grip to go and step on the pedal to stop. The step-through design and ease of operation made it popular with men and women alike. Cushman claimed an efficiency of 75 miles per gallon, and a penny-a-mile operating cost. The scooters usually weighted about 250 to 335 pounds (110-152 kg) and some had as much as 9 horsepower (6.7 kW). The most successful Cushman model, the Eagle, was produced for about 16 years. With its exposed engine and top tanks, it resembled a motorcycle. Other Cushman models used a traditional step-through design of most motor scooters. One of the most famous was the “Model 53”, a military model from the WW2 era. It was designed to be dropped by parachute with Army Airborne troops, so it became known as the “Cushman Airborne”. It was also used around military bases for messenger service.

After WW2, most wartime aircraft manufacturers began producing scooters, and this created the first two-wheeler boom in Japan. The Mitsubishi Silver Pigeon was a scooter largely made of warplane wheels and discarded warplane parts. It eventually shared popularity with the Fuji Rabbit, a motor scooter produced in Japan by Fuji Heavy Industries from 1946 to 1968. Production of the initial model, the S-1 began in 1946, some six months before the Vespa and was largely inspired by scooters used by American servicemen during and after WW2. Fuji Rabbit were the first Japanese-made scooters that could exceed 60 mph (97 km/h). Later models were among the most technologically sophisticated of their era, featuring electric starters, automatic transmissions and pneumatic suspension systems. As the Japanese economy expanded, demand for scooters shrunk, and Fuji diversified into automobiles in 1958. Although less known outside Japan, the Fuji Rabbit became a symbol of nostalgia in Japanese pop culture.

A Vespa with the engine mounted on the right side

In post-WW2 Italy The Piaggio Vespa became the standard for scooters around the world for 35 years. Patented in April 1946, it used aircraft design and materials. D’Ascanio's 98 cc scooter had various radical design concepts, including a sleek, stress-bearing structure. The gear shift lever was moved to the handlebars for easier riding. The engine was placed near the rear wheel, eliminating the belt drive. The typical fork support was replaced by an arm similar to an aircraft carriage for easier tire-changing. The elegantly styled body protected the driver from wind and road dirt, and bore little resemblance to uncomfortable and noisy motorcycles. The smaller wheels and shorter wheelbase provide improved maneuverability through narrow streets and congested traffic. Combining the best elements of automotive, aeronautical and motorcycle design, the Vespa quickly became an icon of design and economy. The name reportedly originated when Piaggio's president upon seeing the prototype, remarked Sembra una vespa, "It looks like a wasp".

Months after the Vespa, in 1947, Innocenti introduced the Lambretta, beginning a rivalry with Vespa. The scooter was designed by Innocenti, his General Director Guiseppe Lauro and engineer Pierluigi Torre. It debuted in 1947 at the Paris Motor Show. The Lambretta 'A' went on sale on December 23rd 1947 and sold sold 9,000 units in one year. It was efficient, 160-180 mpg , at a time when petrol was severely rationed. It had a top speed of 45 mph (72 km/h), and a direct air-cooled engine with 123 cc. The Lambretta was named after the region where the factory stood.

The Maicoletta motor scooter of the 1950s was one of the largest produced in that era. The engine was a single cylinder 247 cc piston port 2-stroke (277 cc for use with a sidecar), with four foot-operated gears and centrifugal fan cooling. The tubular frame was built on motorcycle principles, with long travel telescopic forks and 14-inch wheels. The Maicoletta had a top speed of 70 mph (110 km/h) which was comparable with most 250 cc motorcycles of the time.

Heinkel Tourist of 1956

Germany's aviation industry was also dismantled after WW2. Heinkel stayed in business by making bicycles and motorbikes. The Heinkel Tourist was a large and relatively heavy touring scooter produced in the 1960s. It provided good weather protection with a full fairing and the front wheel turned under a fixed nose extension. It had effective streamlining, perhaps thanks to its aircraft ancestry. Although it had only a 175 cc 4 stroke motor, it could sustain speeds of 70 mph (110 km/h). Heinkel scoooters were known for their reliability.

Zundapp Bella was the most popular German scooter manufacturer in the 1960s. It was in production for about ten years, in two engine sizes, 150 cc and 200 cc. They could perform all day at a steady speed of 60 mph (97 km/h). Extremely reliable and very well made, many of these scooters still exist today.

In the US, the Harley-Davidson Topper scooter was produced from 1960 to 1965. It had a fiberglass body and a pull-cord starting mechanism much like a lawn mower. It had a 165 cc DKW gas motor, a variant of the DKW 125 cc gas motor taken by the US from Germany in a war reparations deal. It only went 40 mph (64 km/h), and had no front brake. Very few units were sold. Harley-Davidson has not produced other scooter models, but smaller models, including the Shortster and Sprint, produced by Italian manufacturer Aeronautica Macchi S.P.A.. were in America under the Harley-Davidson name.

In England in 1962, the Triumph Tigress was a luxury scooter with good performance and handling like a motorcycle, drawing on Triumph's long experience of building fast motorcycles. It was sold with a 175 cc 2-stroke single engine, or a 250 cc 4-stroke twin. Both had four foot-operated gears. The 250 twin sold well and could reach 70 mph (100 km/h) with efficient suspension and good roadholding despite having only 10-inch wheels. But the Tigress broke often. The BSA Sunbeam was an identical machine with the BSA label.

In the 1980s new versions of scooters began to be released and become popular, especially in Japan and far-east Asia. This style of scooters began to reflect that of larger, sporty, higher-performance motorcycles of the time and the trend has continued till now. With the release of the Honda Ruckus, new trends towards dirt-bike scooters are just beginning. In 1988, Honda introduced a large, touring scooter design, the 250 cc Helix (also called Spazio, Fusion or CN250). Although it was bulky to handle at low speeds and was derisively called a "Barcalounger on wheels", it was designed for riding long distances in comfort. Now nearly all major scooter manufacturers produce such models, called "maxi", "GT" or "touring" scooters. The largest scooter made is now the 650 cc Suzuki Burgman, known in Japan as the Sky Wave.

In 1996, Peugeot launched the Scoot'Elec, the first electric moped. It is powered by a 2.8 kW (4 hp) DC motor fed by an 18V, 100Ah battery made of 3 Saft nickel-cadmium "monoblocs". A lot of body panels and suspension parts come from Peugeot's entry-level gas scooter, the Zenith. But the frame is different, built around a "double cradle", and holding the batteries low between and behind the driver's feet. Under the seat are the electronic controller, onboard charger and a curly charging cable with a standard plug. The fast on-board charger (1,400 Watt) uses a 230V power supply. The batteries charge from empty to 95% full in two hours, with 3 more hours to equalize.

The classic styling of the Vespa never lost its popularity, and remains the most popular and most imitated scooter design. Almost all manufacturers now carry both a classic/retro model and a sporty/modern model.

Popularity

Larger Piaggio X9 scooter suitable for long distance touring

In many parts of the world, such as Asia and Europe, motor scooters are a popular form of urban transportation due to their low cost and easy driving position. In fact, in many nations in Asia, scooter sales growth outpaces automobile sales growth. For many people, a motor scooter is the family vehicle until sufficient funds to purchase an automobile are amassed, although in crowded cities, scooters can be preferred over automobiles regardless of cost, due to parking, storage, and traffic issues.

In Taiwan, road infrastructure have been built specifically with two wheelers in mind, with separate lanes and intersection turn boxes. In Thailand, scooters are used for street to door taxi services, as well as for navigating through heavy traffic. Motor scooters are popular because of their size, fuel-efficiency, weight, and typically larger storage room than a motorcycle. In many localities, certain road motor scooters are considered by law to be in the same class as mopeds or small motorcycles and therefore they have fewer restrictions than do larger motorcycles.

According to the Motorcycle Industry Council, sales of motor scooters in the United States have more than doubled since 2000. The motorcycle industry as a whole has seen 13 years of consecutive growth. According to council figures, 42,000 scooters were sold in 2000. By 2004, that number increased to 97,000. ^[4]

In the last few years, new technology has emerged, such as fuel-injected scooters, which are efficient and durable. Aprilia released the SR Ditech in 2001. The fuel consumption of this direct injection scooter is one litre of fuel for 50 kilometres of driving (117mpg). Later on, more brands, such as Derbi and Peugeot, started using direct injection systems for their scooters. Due to new environmental laws, scooters had to change because the Euro3 standard allows only four-stroke engines. Some scooter drivers don't agree this is a good solution because they are used to two-stroke motors. Also, while four-stroke engines generally grant sufficient performance in sizes from 100 cc upward, 50 cc four-strokes tend to have barely enough power to drive at city speeds.

China has become the largest manufacturer of scooters, producing over 50% of the world's supply.^[5] With lower prices and better quality control, China is now making scooters that meet strict US DOT & EPA standards. In the 2000s, scooters have gained popularity in Latin America, specifically in Puerto Rico.

Maxi-Scooters

Another trend in the USA and elsewhere sees larger scooters, called maxi-scooters, with engines ranging in size from 250 cc up to the latest 839 cc machine (the Gilera GP 800) and using larger frames than the normal size scooters but not necessarily big displacement. This trend began in 1985 when Honda introduced the CH250 Elite/Spacy, and continued with the 1999 introduction of the Suzuki Burgman 400. A few years later, Suzuki launched the Burgman 650. Honda (600 cc), Piaggio, Yamaha, Aprilia, Kymco (700 cc) and others have also introduced scooters with engine displacements ranging from 400 to 850 cc. Honda's PS250 or Big Ruckus defies common scooter classification in that its step-through is high and the bike features no bodywork but rather a motorcycle-like exoskeleton.

The more advanced (and expensive) maxi-scooters differ from traditional scooters in that the engine is mounted on the frame, as opposed to the swing-arm. This arrangement can improve the handling, by allowing the centre of gravity to be moved forward and making fewer demands on the rear shock absorber(s). A final drive is necessary to connect the clutch assembly to the rear wheel. This trend toward larger, more powerful scooters with fully automatic transmissions is matched by an emerging trend in motorcycle design that foreshadows automatic transmission motorcycles with on-board storage. This is exemplified by the Aprilia NA 850 Mana automatic-transmission motorcycle that provides built-in storage for a full-face helmet.

Scootering terms

Bangkok: Vespa scooter in transport-business

• A scoot is a nickname for scooter.
• A scooter rally is an overnight event for scooterists that may include camping, group rides, sales of scooter parts and related merchandise, parties and concerts. The Garden City Rally, held every Victoria Day in Victoria, British Columbia, is the longest continuously running scooter rally in North America.^[6]
• A meet is a single-day event in which scooterists from various areas gather in one spot. A scooter meet may include a group ride.
• A run is an overnight event in which people from a single area ride to an overnight destination (e.g. Portland and Eugene's: Run From The Sun) In the case of the Cannonball Run, there are multiple overnight destinations.^[7]
• A ride is a one-day event in which scooterists from a single area ride together.

Footnotes

1. ^ 571.123
2. ^ e-max ev's Germany Ltd. - High performance electric scooter
3. ^ Home: eGO Vehicles
4. ^ Is a motor scooter in your future? - Life - MSNBC.com
5. ^ Motorcycle Industry Council
6. ^ Capital City Scooter Club: Victoria, B.C
7. ^ Scooter Cannonball Run

See also

• Mod (lifestyle)
• Electric motorcycles and scooters
• LPG powered scooters
• Cutdown
• Moped
• List of scooter manufacturers
• List of scooters
• Auto rickshaw
• Scooterboy
• Monkey bike

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Scooters

• Twist & Go Automatic Scooter Magazine
• SolentCityScooterClub.com - Memories of the Solent City Scooter Club from the late 1960s and early 1970s
• The Scooter Scoop - Scooter & microcar news, reviews and commentary
• State Scooter Laws and Legal Scooter Resources
• World-Wide Scooter & Moped Forums

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These seem to have appeal though ...

Sport 125

and

Zip 125

These are partly self assemble at home ... They seem to be no-name (though I think Taiwanese or Italian). On the other hand, 60-100 mpg, convenience, and not having to worry about a license are all very nice.

Help Find Moo!

zoetica relates:

As some of you have heard by now, Daniel and I were in a very bad car wreck on Sunday night. A van ran a stop sign and totaled D's car as a result. Moo was in the car and was left miraculously unharmed, but ran away from the scene, terrified. More details here. She has no microchip nor tags on her.

We've been checking shelter websites and posting fliers all over the neighborhood but it's not enough - the city of Hollywood has something called the Hollywood Clean Team that's in charge of removing postings from major streets and intersections and they seem to think our little fliers are an eyesore.

Others seem to think it's a great idea to call me at 7:30 am and say they found my dog, then hang up while their buddies laugh hysterically in the background. People are incredibly fucking cruel and I'm starting to feel a little sick every time my phone rings.

I know that tons of you have re-posted my call for help online - the amount of compassion and concern Moo's receiving is the only encouraging thing that's come of this ordeal. Thank you all so, so much.

This case requires physical action from those of you in Los Angeles. Please, print a stack of these posters and tape/staple them to light and electric posts when you can. D and I are doing as much as possible but are also injured and therefore slow.

My hope is that someone has taken Moo in and will return her to me when they see how badly she is missed. Thank you all again and please send all kinds of positive thoughts her way!

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I'll be sharing this with my work mates who work with me in the area.

Sparky: I wanted to share this beauty

GET BUSH OUT OF OFFICE

just so you know:

•I attacked and took over 2 countries.

•I spent the U.S. surplus and bankrupted the US Treasury.

•I shattered the record for the biggest annual deficit in history (not easy!).

•I set an economic record for the most personal bankruptcies filed in any 12 month period.

•I set all-time record for the biggest drop in the history of the stock market.

•In my first year in office I set the all-time record for most days on vacation by any president in US history (tough to beat my dad's, but I did).

•After taking the entire month of August off for vacation, I presided over the worst security failure in US history.

•I set the record for most campaign fund raising trips by any president in US history.

• In my first two years in office over 2 million Americans lost their jobs.

• I cut unemployment benefits for more out-of-work Americans than any other president in US history.

• I set the all-time record for most real estate foreclosures in a 12-month period.

• I set the record for the fewest press conferences of any president, since the advent of TV.

• I presided over the biggest energy crises in US history and refused to intervene when corruption was revealed.

• I cut health care benefits for war veterans.

• I set the all-time record for most people worldwide to simultaneously take to the streets to protest me (15 million people), shattering the record for protest against any person in the history of mankind.

• I dissolved more international treaties than any president in US history.

• I've made my presidency the most secretive and unaccountable of any in US history.

• Members of my cabinet are the richest of any administration in US history. (The poorest multimillionaire, Condoleeza Rice, had a Chevron oil tanker named after her for a while.)

• I am the first president in US history to have all 50 states of the Union simultaneously struggle against bankruptcy.

• I presided over the biggest corporate stock market fraud in any market in any country in the history of the world.

• I am the first president in US history to order a US attack AND military occupation of a sovereign nation, and I did so against the will of the United Nations and the vast majority of the international community.

• I have created the largest government department bureaucracy in the history of the United States, called the "Bureau of Homeland Security

• I set the all-time record for biggest annual budget spending increases, more than any other president in US history (Ronnie was tough to beat, but I did it!!).

• I am the first president in US history to compel the United Nations remove the US from the Human Rights Commission.

• I am the first president in US history to have the United Nations remove the US from the Elections Monitoring Board.

• I removed more checks and balances, and have the least amount of congressional oversight than any presidential administration in US history.

• I rendered the entire United Nations irrelevant. I withdrew from the World Court of Law.

• I refused to allow inspectors access to US prisoners of war and by default no longer abide by the Geneva Conventions.

• I am the first president in US history to refuse United Nations election inspectors access during the 2002 US elections.

• I am the all-time US (and world) record holder for most corporate campaign donations.

• The biggest lifetime contributor to my campaign, who is also one of my best friends, presided over one of the largest corporate bankruptcy frauds in world history (Kenneth Lay, former CEO of Enron Corporation).

• I spent more money on polls and focus groups than any president in US history.

• I am the first US president to establish a secret shadow government.

• I took the world's sympathy for the US after 9/11, and in less than a year made the US the most resented country in the world (possibly the biggest diplomatic failure in US and world history).

• I am the first US president in history to have a majority of the people of Europe (71%) view my presidency as the biggest threat to world peace and stability.

• I changed US policy to allow convicted criminals to be awarded government contracts.

• I have removed more freedoms and civil liberties for Americans than any other president in US history.

RECORDS AND REFERENCES:
• I have at least one conviction for drunk driving in Maine
(Texas driving record has been erased and is not available).

• I was AWOL from the National Guard and deserted the military during time of war.

• I refuse to take a drug test or even answer any questions about drug use.

• All records of my tenure as governor of Texas have been spirited away to my fathers library, sealed in secrecy and unavailable for public view.

• All records of any SEC investigations into my insider trading or bankrupt companies are sealed in secrecy and unavailable for public view.

• All minutes of meetings of any public corporation for which I served on the board are sealed in secrecy and unavailable for public view.

• Any records or minutes from meetings I (or my VP) attended regarding public energy policy are sealed in secrecy and unavailable for public review.

GEORGE W. BUSH
The White House, Washington, DC

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Sparky: It's time to make the Guru independent ... Let's look at motorcycles —

As a wise man said - you can't be cool on a scooter - though we will also investigate some of those ---

Dual-sport

A dual-sport, colloquially known as "dualie" or an "on-off road bike" is a type of street-legal motorcycle that is designed for both on and off-road use. Popular dual-sport models include the BMW GS series, KTM Adventure series, Kawasaki KLR, Suzuki DRZ and V-Strom, Honda XL, Yamaha XT and many more.

A 1993 Honda XR600R

Design

A dual-sport motorcycle compromises the light weight and off-road capabilities of the typical dirt bike in order to offer a safer, more comfortable ride on the road and comply with regulations that affect street motor vehicles. Thus Dual-sports have all necessary components for street homologation such as turn signals, speedometer, mirrors, as well as safety, comfort and convenience components which may include a anti-lock braking system, luggage, more comfortable seats, auxiliary lighting, and other optional items.

A dual-sport is often conceptualized as a street-evolved dirt machine, although recently several manufacturers, especially those who usually do not compete in the dirt-bike market (for example Buell with the Ulysses XB12X and Ducati with the Multistrada), have followed an opposite trend. The offroad heritage of these bikes is reflected most prominently in its suspension, which offers more travel than a street bike. Other features common to off-road bikes, such as Handguards and wheel covers (mudcovers) usually appear in these models.

The tires fitted in dual-sports are also a compromise, offering deeper treads than a street bike, while lacking the knobbed surface of dirt tires. This compromise offers a fairly good road performance as well as superior dirt handling over normal road tires.

Other types of Dual-Sports

When a dual-sport bike is fitted for long distance travel, with accessories such as oversized tanks, luggage compartments, and other distance-oriented gear they are often referred to as "adventure" bikes, offering limited touring capabilities, superior to that of the average motorcycle, but less than a full fledged tourer such as the Honda Goldwing series.

Enduro motorcycles can also be dual-sports, if they are street legal. These motorbikes are generally speaking between the average dual-sport and a true off-road motorcycle.

A supermoto (also known as a supermotard or motard) is typically a converted motocross bike with less suspension travel, smaller front and rear wheel wheel (typically 17" at both ends), road tires and an oversized front brake designed to be primarily run on asphalt. When made street legal, these bikes may also be considered to be a type of dual sport. In this case, these motorbikes could be seen as somewhere between a sport bike and a "true" dual-sport.

Honda CB250 AKA the Honda Nighthawk

The Honda CB250 (known as the Nighthawk in the United States) features a 234cc air-cooled parallel twin engine. First manufactured in 1991, the motorcycle has changed little except for color availability.

The CB250 engine generates 20 hp (15 kW) and 14 lft·lbf of torque, achieves a top speed of around 80 mph (130 km/h), and employs drum brakes and spoked wheels at front and rear (though front disk brakes and alloy wheels are provided in Australia, U.K. and Japan).

The Nighthawk CB250 is essentially a light, maneuverable, inexpensive, economical, and easy to maintain bike. With a dry weight of 286 pounds (130 kg), the bike can achieve 60 to 70 mpg (3.4-4.0 L/100km).

The Honda Nighthawk often is used at Motorcycle Safety Foundation (MSF) training courses held at community colleges across the U.S.A. Its smaller size and lower seat make it popular for women riders.

In contrast Honda Rebel 250, which offers very similar specification to the CB250, the Nighthawk is considered to be an urban street-use bike, standard street motorcycle, or "naked bike." The bike's lineage can be traced back to the Honda CM200 Twinstar of the early 1980's, bored out to its maximum capacity of 234cc.

Honda says: Lightweight. Dependable. Performance packed. And as easy on your wallet as it is to use. That's the Nighthawk®, our 250cc all-arounder that goes way beyond what typically defines an intro bike (although it is peerless in that respect). Whether a total beginner or a seasoned vet, the Nighthawk offers every rider the perfect combination of performance, Honda reliability, and perhaps best of all, value.

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BMW GS

The BMW GS series of dual purpose off-road/on-road BMW motorcycles have been produced from 1980 to the present day. The GS refers to either Gelände/Straße (German: off-road/road) or Gelände Sport. GS motorcycles can be distinguished from other BMW models because they have longer travel suspension, an upright riding position and larger front wheels – typically 19–21 inch.

Contents 1 GS models 1.1 Airheads 1.1.1 Airhead production history 1.2 Oilheads 1.2.1 Oilhead production history 1.3 Single cylinder chain drive 1.4 Twin cylinder chain drive 2 Popularity 3 Future models 4 See also 5 References 6 External links

GS models

The GS has been available with a range of different engines including single cylinder, twin cylinder water-cooled and twin cylinder air or oil cooled.

Airheads

BMW R 80 GS

1989 BMW R 80 GS

BMW R 100 GS

The first shaft driven GS model was the R 80 G/S with a 797 cc flat-twin, air-cooled boxer engine. The BMW 247 engine, which was also fitted to many other bikes in the BMW range, is known as an airhead. The most valued version was the R 80 G/S-PD "Paris-Dakar" model featuring a larger tank. In certain markets a 649 cc R 65 GS version was also available. These early machines used a combined rear suspension / drive swingarm called a Monolever.

In 1987 the G/S name was changed to GS with the S meaning "Sport" rather than "Straße" and the Monolever was replaced with the Paralever swingarm, which included a torque arm intended to lessen shaft effect. The new bikes were produced with engines of 797 cc (R 80 GS) or 980 cc (R 100 GS).

Production of the standard machines stopped in 1995 with the R 100 GS-PD (unofficially Paris Dakar), but special "Kalahari" and "Basic" editions were made available in 1996 and 1997, which ended GS production.

Airhead models still have a following among adventure motorcyclists and often sell at a premium price when compared with bikes of a similar age.

Airhead production history

• Monolever
  • R 80 G/S 1980-1986
  • R 80 G/S-PD 1984-1987
  • R 65 GS 1987-1990
• Paralever
  • R 80 GS 1987-1994
  • R 100 GS 1987-1994
  • R 100 GS-PD 1988-1995
  • R 80 GS Basic 1996-1997
  • R 80 GS Kalahari 1996-1997

Oilheads

BMW R 1100 GS

BMW R 1150 GS

BMW R 1200 GS at Montezuma Pass in Arizona

In 1995, the introduction of the next generation Oilhead signalled BMW's entry into modern adventure models, with a succession of larger displacement models including the R 850 GS, R 1100 GS, R 1150 GS and the R 1200 GS. Later models have electronic engine management, ABS braking, twin spark plugs, and more power than airhead models. The R 1200 GS, which is the current GS model in production, is 30 kg (66 lb) lighter and more powerful than the R 1150 GS. Electronic fuel injection systems provided more even overall riding performance for the great range of altitudes commonly ridden with these motorcycles.

Both the R 1150 GS and R 1200 GS are available in an Adventure version which adds a larger fuel tank, lower gearing and upgraded suspension to make it more suitable for long trips with heavy gear and supplies. The opposed two-cylinder "boxer" engine provides a comparatively low centre of gravity. This strongly contributes to the ability of these 1000 cc-class machines to travel on dirt roads and trails. The distribution of torque over a broad RPM range coupled with the relatively wide power pulses inherent in a long-stroke two cylinder motor provides consistent and predictable traction on loose road surfaces.

As with the airheads, all oilhead GS models are shaft driven. However, the front suspension was changed from conventional forks to the Telelever, developed by British company Saxon Motodd, which uses a control arm to eliminate dive under braking.

Oilhead production history

From the start of oilhead production in 1994 until July 27, 2007, a total of 219,468 oilhead GS bikes were produced.^[1] Oilhead GS models are listed below together with production figures where known:

Model	Dates	Production
R 1100 GS	1994–1999	39,842
R 850 GS	1996–2001	2,242
R 1150 GS	1999–2004	58,023
R 1150 GS Adventure	2001–2005	17,828
R 1200 GS	2004–present	84,373 up to July 27, 2007
R 1200 GS Adventure	2006–present	15,627 up to July 27, 2007

Although not strictly GS models, the following closely related bikes were also introduced by BMW:

• HP2 Enduro 2005 - present date
• HP2 Megamoto 2007 - present date

Single cylinder chain drive

BMW F 650 ST Strada

BMW F 650 GS Dakar

In 1993 BMW introduced GS models powered by a single cylinder 4-valve 652 cc Rotax engine and chain drive. The off road-capable F 650 Funduro had a 19 inch front wheel, long travel suspension, bash plate and a high seat. The more road biased F 650 ST Strada had a smaller diameter 18 inch front wheel, narrower handlebars and smaller screen. The bikes were manufactured alongside the virtually identical 5-valve Aprilia Pegaso.

Following BMW's win in the 1999 (and subsequently the 2000) Dakar Rally with an F 650 RR ridden by Richard Sainct, BMW introduced the fuel injected F 650 GS in 2000. A taller, more off-road biased Dakar version was introduced which included a taller screen, 21 inch front wheel and longer suspension travel.

The single cylinder bikes have a strong following and are thought by many of their riders to be better off roaders than the heavier boxer engined bikes. Like the larger two-cylinder models, they offer significant capacity to carry gear and supplies over long distances. Their versatility is attractive to riders who intend to spend weeks, months, even years travelling on two wheels. There is a large "after market" of suppliers catering to riders of these motorcycles.

Twin cylinder chain drive

In 2007 BMW launched two new chain driven GS models using a parallel twin 798 cc engine, the F 800 GS and the F 650 GS.

The F 800 GS produces a power output of 63 kW (84 hp) and torque of 81 N·m (60 ft·lbf). It has twin 300 mm discs at the front and also has optional ABS. It has a seat height of 880 mm (34.6 in).

Compared with the larger F 800 GS, the F 650 GS produces a lower power output of 52 kW (70 hp) and torque of 75 N·m (55 ft·lbf). It has a single 300 mm disc at the front and has optional ABS. It has a lower seat height of 820 mm (32.3 in).

Popularity

The GS is a popular choice with adventure motorcyclists and travellers. There are also a number of owners clubs dedicated to the bike. There is a strong aftermarket of accessories for the GS range which includes aluminium luggage, saddles, shock absorbers, screens, lights and GPS mountings.

In 2004 the R 1150 GS Adventure was made more popular after being used by actors Ewan McGregor and Charley Boorman in their journey Long Way Round, which involved riding from London to New York by going east across Europe, central Asia, Alaska, Canada and the USA. They continued their association with the GS when Boorman used an F 650 GS during his 2006 Dakar Rally attempt (documented in the book and TV series Race To Dakar), and in 2007 when both used the R 1200 GS Adventure in their journey Long Way Down, in which they rode from John O'Groats at the northern tip of Scotland, to Cape Town at the southern tip of Africa.

Both the R 1200 GS and the F 650 GS were featured in the BBC TV series The Hairy Bikers' Cookbook, ridden by chefs Dave Myers and Si King.

Rush drummer and lyricist Neil Peart used an R 1100 GS for a 14 month long 55,000 mile self-healing trip, documented in the book Ghost Rider: Travels on the Healing Road, that he made in the late 90's following the tragic deaths of his only daughter and wife. Peart also used the R 1200 GS with an 1150 GS as a backup on his 2004 motorcycle trip between gigs on Rush's 30th Anniversary tour, a trip he documented in the book Roadshow: Landscape with Drums, A Concert Tour By Motorcycle.

On 27 July 2007, the BMW R 1200 GS and R 1200 GS Adventure reached a production record of 100,000 units since its launch in 2004, making it the most popular BMW motorcycle.^[1]

Future models

The future of the BMW trademark boxer engine is subject to speculation. Future noise and emissions regulations may mean that the engine will have to be watercooled. As this would add to the overall width of the boxer engine making cornering impossible due to lack of ground clearance, water cooling is thought to be an impractical development. Other references suggest that aircooled boxers will be able to fulfil future regulations (at least those drafted currently).

See also

• Simon and Monika Newbound - GS riders who hold the world record for motorcycle endurance.

References

1. ^ ^{a b} BMW's 100,000th R 1200 GS. webBikeWorld (from BMW press release) (3 August 2007). Retrieved on 2007-09-26.

External links

• GS Club UK, owners club
• Horizons Unlimited, website dedicated to adventure motorcycling
• Video of a BMW 1200 HP2 at play
• R1200GS Info, Reference for information on R1200GS
• Motorcycle Info Pages, Resource for all motorcyclists. Reference for information on R1200GS
• GS Promo Video The original bmw R1150GS promo ad video

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Kawasaki KLR250

A '92 KLR 250

The Kawasaki KLR250 was a motorcycle produced from 1984 to 2005, with only minor changes during the model run. This lightweight dualsport motorcycle was used for several years by the US military for a variety of tasks, including messenger duty and reconnaissance. It was produced by Kawasaki Heavy Industries in Japan and exported to many parts of the world, including the U.S. and Canada, Europe and Australia.

Somewhat similar in appearance to the larger KLR650 (sold in the same colors), the 250 is often described as being a better trail bike (due to lighter weight and reduced bulk) but less enjoyable on long stretches of highway. The user-friendly power delivery and light weight make it a popular bike for novice riders. Like the 650, the KLR250 has continued to sell well into the 21st century despite being questionably "state of the art" even at its introduction, and having no styling changes, except paint and the color of the plastic. You can tell approximately what year a KLR is (either size) by the color of the bodywork:

• 1985 White/Dark Blue
• 1985/'86 Lime Green/Dark Blue, * OR Red/Dark Blue (non-US)
• ? Black/Red
• 1987 White/Red with Blue/Red Tank Decal (patriotic year)
• 1988/'89 Half Blue/Half White with Green Stripes
• 1990-'93 White/Light Blue
• 1994-'96 Teal/Purple, * (often referred to as "Barbie Years")
• 1995 Seafoam/Black (Spain only?)
• ? Black/Black with Purple Tank Decal
• ? Black/Dark Blue
• 1997-'99 Dark Blue "Forest Bluish Green"
• 2000 Olive/Black Tank Decal
• 2001/'02 "Galaxy Silver"/Olive
• 2003 Black/Olive
• 2004/'05 Black/"Aztec Red"

Unlike the 650, the 250 shares many engine parts with an ATV sold by Kawasaki, the KSF250 "Mojave". This has resulted in the availability of engine performance parts, though many owners prefer to use their bike relatively unmodified.

Owners report highway fuel economy figures ranging from 55-70 mpg U.S. (3.4 to 4.3 L/100 km), and city fuel economy of 45-50 mpg U.S> (4.7 to 5.2 L/100 km). The combination of excellent fuel economy, high reliability, light weight and easy handling have made it a favorite among dualsport riders as well as urban commuters and it remains popular even though production has ceased.

Kawasaki discontinued the KLR250 at the end of the 2005 model run. It is replaced by the KLX250R as of 2006.

The base specifications have remained virtually unchanged through out the production period.

Engine:

• Type: Four-stroke, DOHC, four-valve, single cylinder,
• Displacement: 249 cc
• Bore and Stroke: 74.0 x 58.0 mm
• Carburetor: Keihin CVK34
• Compression ratio: 11.0:1
• Output: 28 horsepower 1986-1989, 22 horsepower 1990-2005
• Starting Method: Kick

Drivetrain:

• Transmission: 6-speed
• Final Drive: O-ring chain

Brakes:

• Front: Hydraulic disc
• Rear: Drum

Suspension:

• Front: Air-adjustable hydraulic telescopic fork
• Rear: UNI-TRAK® single-shock system

Wheels and tires:

• Front: 3.00 x 21 tire
• Rear: 4.60 x 17 tire

Dimensions:

• Length: 84.3 in
• Seat height: 33.7 in
• Rake and Trail: 28.5 degrees / 4.6 in
• Wheelbase: 55.7 in
• Weight: 258 lb dry
• Fuel Capacity: 2.9 US gal
• Engine oil capacity: 2 liters

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Kawasaki Eliminator

The Kawasaki Eliminator is a cruiser-type motorcycle that has been produced in several variants since its introduction in 1985 as the ZL900. Billed as a "power cruiser" through the 1980s and mid-1990s, Kawasaki now sells the Eliminator as an entry-level cruiser. Available in black for 2005, the Eliminator 125’s styling features include a stepped seat with laid-back riding comfort for two, a stretched 3.4-gallon fuel tank, straight-flow exhaust and chrome-plated single headlight.^[1][2]

Models

ZL900

Introduced in 1985, and only produced for 2 years, '85 and '86, the ZL900 evolved from the legendary Kawasaki Z1. The ZL900 was designed to evoke images of the wildly successful Z1 drag bikes, with a bobbed rear fender, short travel fork, large rear tire, fat chromed mufflers, a small fuel tank and low straight handlebars. The ZL900 engine was a transplanted and slightly modified version of the liquid-cooled I4 introduced in the 1984 Kawasaki ZX900 Ninja. Kawasaki used smaller 32 mm carburetors (the ZX900 used 34 mm), different timing and camshafts with less duration. This gave the engine a dramatically different personality, trading the Ninja's high-end surge for low-end grunt and a meaty mid-range that was more suitable for a cruiser. At the time, the ZL900 was the only bike in its segment using an I4 powerplant instead of a V4 configuration. These bikes were produced by Kawasaki in Lincoln, Nebraska for the American market, but failed to live up to their potential here as there were stiff tariffs at the time for Japanese motrocycles over 700cc, they were wildly popular overseas in Europe due in large part to the decidedly "American" styling and plenty of dependable power.

The ZL900 garnered praise for its excellent powerplant and inspired styling, and still has a core group of followers that enjoy this unique, powerful and fun motorcycle, visit zl-oa.com for an online community of Eliminator owners.

Criticisms

The pursuit of drag-bike style resulted in some functional compromises. First, some riders complained about a lack of cornering clearance, although it took corners better than it's super-heavyweight competitors the Honda Magna V65, the Suzuki Madura and the Yamaha V-Max. The ZL900 was long and low like a drag bike, so sporting riders who wanted ZX900 power in a cruiser had to give up riding the twisties. Additionally, pushing the bike hard overwhelmed the skinny front tire and brought the rear suspension's shortcomings to the surface. More universally, owners and magazines alike^{[attribution needed]} bemoaned the Eliminator's lack of range due to its small fuel tank capacity. At 25-35 mpg on a 2.9 gallon tank, even conservative riders were forced to find a filling station after 100 miles or less. Even with all of the critisisms, the Kawasaki Eliminator was considered a "giant killer", and is still considered to be ahead of it's time even now some 20-plus years after it's initial introduction.

Length	2240 mm
Width	810 mm
Height	1075 mm
Wheelbase	1595 mm
Clearance	145 mm
Seat Height	745 mm
Weight	238 kg
Fluid Capacities	Fuel, 2.9 gal Oil, 3.7 L
Engine	Liquid-Cooled 16V DOHC I4
Bore x Stroke	72.5 x 55.0 mm
Displacement	908 cc
Compression	11.0
Power	105 hp @9500, 63 ft·lbf @8000
Carbs	4x 32 mm Keihin CV
Rake	29°
Trail	102 mm
Tires	Front, 100/90-17 Rear, 160/80-15
Brakes	Front, Dual Disc Rear, Single Disc

ZL1000

The ZL1000 was an evolution of the ZL900, sporting a larger engine shared with the ZG1000 Concours and 34 mm carburetors. The styling of the ZL1000 was much more conservative than that of the 900, with a longer rear fender and a much larger fuel tank, this motorcycle was only available for 1 year, 1987, and shares the same strong following as the ZL900.

Overall Length	2305 mm
Overall Width	790 mm
Overall Height	1150 mm
Wheelbase	1615 mm
Road Clearance	155 mm
Seat Height	750 mm
Dry Weight	244 kg
Curb Weight	Front 124 kg. Rear 146 kg
Fluid Capacities	Fuel, 18.5 L
Lubrication System	Forced Lubrication (Wet Sump)
Engine Oil	SF or SAE 10W/40, 10W/50, 20W/40, 20W/50
Engine Oil Capacity	3.7 L
Spark Plug	NGK D8EA or ND X24ES-U or NGK DR8ES-L or NG X24ESR-U
Engine	Liquid-Cooled, 16V DOHC I4,
Bore x Stroke	74.0 x 58.0 mm
Displacement	997 mL / cc
Compression Ratio	10.2
Max. Horsepower	80.9kw (110ps) @, 9,000r/pm (rpm)
Max. Torque	91.2 N-m (9.3kg-m, 67.3 ft lb) @, 7,000r/pm (rpm)
Carbs	4 x 34 mm CVK Keihin
Rake	29°
Trail	102mm
Brakes	Front, Dual Disc. Rear, Single Disc
Tires	OEM Front, Dunlop Tubeless F17 100/90-18 56H. OEM Rear, Dunlop Tubeless K425 160/80-15 74H

ZL750

The ZL750 was sold from 1986-1989 as a mild-mannered version of its big brothers.

Length
Width
Height
Wheelbase	1595 mm
Clearance
Seat Height	745 mm
Weight	238 kg (dry)
Fuel/Oil Capacity	11.0 L / L
Oil cap.
Engine	Liquid-Cooled 16V DOHC I4
Bore x Stroke
Displacement
Compression
Power	77 hp @9000, ft·lbf @
Carbs	4x 32 mm Keihin
Rake
Trail
Tires (F,R)	100/90-18, 160/80-15
Brakes (F,R)	Dual Disc, Single Disc

ZL600

The ZL600 had the same type of transplant as its bigger siblings: a slightly modified engine from the Kawasaki Ninja 600.

Criticisms

The ZL600 was sold as late as 1996, though by then its mid-80's engine earned reviews from the motorcycle press that dubbed the bike outdated, underpowered and overpriced.

Length	2210 mm
Width	775 mm
Height	1120 mm
Wheelbase	1550 mm
Clearance	145 mm
Seat Height	720 mm
Weight	194 kg
Fuel/Oil Capacity	12.3 L / 3.0 L
Engine	Liquid-Cooled 16V DOHC I4
Bore x Stroke	60 x 52.4 mm
Displacement	592 cc
Compression	11.8
Power	74 hp @10500, 39.8 ft·lbf @8500
Carbs	4x 30 mm Keihin CV
Rake	29.5°
Trail	107 mm
Tires (F,R)	100/90-18, 150/80-15
Brakes (F,R)	Front, Single Disc Rear, Drum

ZL500

Length	2240 mm
Width	795 mm
Height	1065 mm
Wheelbase	1550 mm
Clearance	145 mm
Seat Height	720 mm
Weight	195 kg
Fluid Capacities	Fuel, 12.3 L Oil, 3.0 L
Engine	Liquid-Cooled 16V DOHC I4
Bore x Stroke	55 x 52.4 mm
Displacement	497 cc
Compression	11.0
Power	hp @, ft·lbf @
Carbs	4x 30 mm Keihin CV
Rake	29.5°
Trail	105 mm
Tires (F, R)	100/90-18, 150/80-15
Brakes (F, R)	Single Disc, Drum

ZL400

The ZL400 ceased production in 1994. Unlike larger models, some versions of the ZL400 had a chain instead of shaft drive.

Length	2245 mm
Width	720 mm
Height	1090 mm
Wheelbase	mm
Clearance	mm
Seat Height	705 mm
Weight	195 kg (dry)
Fuel/Oil Capacity	13 L / L
Engine	Liquid-Cooled 16V DOHC I4
Bore x Stroke	x mm
Displacement	398 cc
Compression
Power	53 hp @12000, 3.4 kg-m @10000
Carbs
Rake
Trail
Tires (F, R)	100/90-18, 150/80-15
Brakes (F, R)

VN250

This model started production in 1998

Length	2355mm
Width	775mm
Height	1075mm
Wheelbase	1620mm
Clearance	150mm
Seat Height	690mm
Weight	167 kg
Fuel/Oil Capacity	14L / L
Engine	Liquid-Cooled DOHC 8v V-Twin
Bore x Stroke	62.0 x 41.4 mm
Displacement	249 cc
Compression	12:1
Power	35 hp @12500, 17.7 ft·lbf @9500
Carbs	2x 32 mm Keihin CVKR32
Rake	33°
Front Suspension	41mm telescopic fork, 160mm travel
Rear Suspension	Dual Shocks, adjustable preload, 300mm travel
Trail	154mm
Tires (F, R)	120/80-17, 160/80-15
Brakes (F, R)	Single 300mm Disc, 130mm Drum

EL250 (D5)

The EL250 had a production run from 1988 to 1997 at which point it was superseded by the VN250.

Eliminator 250

Length	2180mm
Width	745mm
Height	1055mm
Wheelbase	1490mm
Clearance	160mm
Seat Height	725mm
Weight	140 kg
Fuel/Oil Capacity	11L / 1.9L
Engine	Liquid-Cooled DOHC 8v Parallel-Twin
Bore x Stroke	62.0 x 41.2 mm
Displacement	248 cc
Compression	12.0:1
Power	27 hp @11,800
Torque	12.9ft·lb @9,800
Carbs	Keihin CVK30 (2), Constant velocity, diaphragm-type
Rake	29°
Tires (F, R)	100/90-17, 140/90-15
Brakes (F, R)	Single Disc, Drum

EL175

The EL175 is sold in India by Bajaj Auto.

Length
Width
Height
Wheelbase	1470 mm
Clearance
Seat Height	681 mm
Weight	128 kg
Fuel/Oil Capacity	13 L / L
Engine	Air-Cooled SOHC 2v Single
Bore x Stroke	55 x 52.4 mm
Displacement	174 cc
Compression	9.6
Power	15.2 hp @, ft·lbf @
Carburetion	1x Mikuni 28 mm
Rake	34°
Trail	122 mm
Front Tire	90/90-17
Rear Tire	130/90-15
Front Brake	Single Disc
Rear Brake	Drum

EL125

The Kawasaki Eliminator 125 is Kawasaki's entry level cruiser. Its light weight, small stature and unintimidating power delivery make it a great choice for new riders. The Motorcycle Safety Foundation uses this bike in their beginner riders courses for those very reasons. It is powered by a 125 cc, air cooled, four stroke, single cylinder engine. The 2005 MSRP for this model is $1,980 according to Kelley Blue Book.

The Eliminator 125 has the distinction of being the smallest production motorcycle (not including scooters) currently being sold in the United States.

References

1. ^ Mouthshut.com Review on Kawasaki Bajaj Eliminator. mouthshut.com. Retrieved on 2007-11-21.
2. ^ 2005 Bajaj Eliminator specifications. Bikez.com. Retrieved on 2007-11-21.

External links

• Kawasaki ZL Owners Association
• Kawasaki Eliminator Riders Association
• Enthusiast page
• Kawasaki Eliminator Technical